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Helen Delich Bentley Port of Baltimore is a shipping port along the shores and branches of the Patapsco River in Baltimore, Maryland. The port includes facilities for cargo, especially roll-on/roll-off ships; and passenger facilities operated by the Maryland Port Administration (MPA),〔 a unit of the Maryland Department of Transportation. The port was renamed for Helen Delich Bentley during a 2006 celebration of the port's 300th birthday. ==History== In 1608, Captain John Smith traveled 170 miles from Jamestown to the upper Chesapeake Bay, leading the first European expedition to the Patapsco River, named after the native Algonquians who fished shellfish and hunted.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ghosts of industrial heyday still haunt Baltimore’s harbor, creeks )〕 English land grants 1661 were combined 1702 by James Carroll who named it ''Whetstone Point'' (now known as the residential and industrial area of Locust Point). The port was founded on this site in 1706 by the Maryland Colonial Assembly as a ''Port of Entry'' for the tobacco trade with England. In 1729 the point was incorporated into BaltimoreTown. Starting in 1776 local citizenry erected earthworks named ''Fort Whetstone'' for port defense during the American Revolutionary War, which was replaced in 1798 by Fort McHenry.〔 (History of Ft. McHenry ), NPS; and (History of the Port of Baltimore ), Port of Baltimore Tricentennial Committee. 〕 Fells Point, first named ''Long Island Point'' in 1670, the deepest point in the natural harbor, soon became the colony's main ship building center, with many shipyards, famed for the construction of Baltimore clippers. These were notorious as raiders and privateers, which led to the British attack in September 1814 in the Battle of Baltimore, with the famous bombardment of Fort McHenry and land attack to the east at the Battle of North Point with fortifications also on the east side at Loudenschlager's Hill (today's Hampstead Hill/Patterson Park). Fells Point was incorporated into Baltimore Town in 1773. The Continental Navy ordered their first frigate, USS ''Virginia'', from George Wells in Fells Point in 1775. The first ship named the USF ''Constellation'' were produced at the Harris Creek Shipyard here, and the third USS ''Enterprise'' at Henry Spencer's shipyard. Over 800 ships were commissioned from Fells Point shipyards from 1784 to 1821. The California Gold Rush lead to many orders for fast vessels; many overland pioneers also relied upon canned goods from Baltimore.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fells Point Historic district )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Milestones in Fell's Point's History )〕 After the founding of Baltimore the waterfront developed drydocks, warehouses, ship chandlers, as well as industry including mills were built behind the wharves. In what is now Canton, further southeast of Baltimore and Fells Point along the Patapsco River, John O'Donnell's plantation was developed in the early 1800s for worker housing and industry, including the Canton Iron Works owned by Peter Cooper and later Horace Abbott during the Civil War and others.〔 (Canton Timeline ), John Cain, Canton Community Association, 2001; and (Steam in Captivity ), Mary Bellis, Your Guide to Inventors, c.2007.〕 In 1828 the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) began track laying eventually extending into Locust Point in 1845. The arrival of the Baltimore and Ohio and other railroads made the port a major transshipment point between inland points and the rest of the world. By the 1840s, the Baltimore Steam Packet Company ("Old Bay Line") was providing overnight steamship service down the Chesapeake Bay.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Old Bay Line )〕 After the Civil War, coffee ships were designed here for trade with Brazil. Other industrial activities in Canton included Baltimore Copper Smelting Company and small oil refineries, later purchased by Standard Oil.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Neighborhood Overview )〕 By the end of the nineteenth century, European ship lines had terminals for emigrants from Britain, Ireland, Germany, and Poland.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Port of Baltimore」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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